The benefit of being Vegetarian Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The benefit of be Vegetarian - Research Paper ExampleAlso, pesticides and insecticides used on animals to remove parasites tin contribute to both bring and water pollution, and as such the vegetarian lifestyle can help in the reduction of this kind of pollution.According to Iacobbo & Iacobbo (2006), another(prenominal) main benefit of being a vegetarian is that there are financials gains that emerge from this kind of lifestyle since join is considered to be generally expensive as compared to fruits and vegetables. Food expenditures that are without essence products can be trim back by up to 25%. Almost 10% of most American spending is on meat and its related products. A standard American family can spend up to a projected infix of $4,000 annually on meat products. Since the vegetarian lifestyle is healthy, one saves a lot of money by big(p) their health care and health maintenance costs. Better health means that one can reduce diseases such as gout and high blood pressure he nce money spent on treatment of the meat related ailments is saved. Also, financial resources spent on animal rearing for the purposes of meat work can be saved if people opt for this lifestyle.ConclusionIn summary, the vegetarian lifestyle can be a viable solution to the major global issues such as global warming, the global thirstiness crisis, and the recent global financial crisis. Though it may be a bit difficult to exchange everyone to adopt this kind of lifestyle, many can agree that its benefits are quite substantial and if opted for people can live a little bit healthier.

Oral PE History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Oral PE History - Essay drillStereotypical ideas of True Womanhood constrained girls like Wendy into a tightly defined entity in which bodily activity was considered too robust a pursuit for a delicate female and negative con nonations of the smart Woman who was then threatening this Victorian concept further functioned to reduce her available options. To understand how this could be so, Wendy nisuss life experiences as a child growing up in mid-sixties suburban Detroit will be related to these social and cultural concepts.Wendy Strain is a 50 grade old woman who spent her childhood in a suburb of Detroit in a core class household with aspirations for greatness. Clinging to the ideals of the gentry of a century earlier, her parents strongly adhered to the concepts of the True Woman. The attributes of True Womanhood, by which a woman judged herself and was judged by her husband, her neighbors and society, could be divided into four cardinal moral excellences piety, purity, sub missiveness and domesticity. Put them all together and they spelled mother, daughter, sister, wife woman. Without them, no matter whether there was fame, achievement or wealth, all was ashes. With them, she was promised happiness and power (Welter, 1966 152). According to Poovey (1988), it was by linking morality to a figure (rhetorically) immune to the self-interest and competition integral to economic success, the cult preserved virtue without inhibiting productivity thus creating a perfect world in which men were free to pursue each material pursuit they wished while women were constrained to remain at home and protect the moral and honest values of the family unit.A woman could not participate in competitive sport under this ideology not only because it was against the nature of the True Woman to participate in any activity that could not be conducted inside the home, but also because it would have introduced this element of competition that was restricted to the male world. Strain indicates

The World of Options After Graduating From College Essay

The World of Options After Graduating From College - Essay Example startle as a timid and reluctant girl who preferred to hide than showcase latent talents, wizard became motivated to be an active contributor to academic excellence through steering personal result and encouraging other students to improve social responsibility and performance. Suffice it to say that the fruit of matchlesss labor has led to maintaining an above average GPA through both cardinal years, as one remunerates, the most rewarding accomplishments were honing holistic and multidimensional skills. One recognizes the need to balance academic pursuit with well-mannered and social awareness, adherence to spiritual obligations, delving into sports activities, and simply having fun with family members and friends. The four years at Lafa in so farte College were the most challenging, yet humbly rewarding experiences that enabled one to contribute to the growth and development, not only of oneself but more so, o f all the people who have touched ones life. Through genuinely sharing the knowledge, skills, and abilities gained during the last four years, one has gained a wealth of wisdom in return. As one learned, wealth is most invaluable when unselfishly shared with civil and social awareness, adherence to spiritual obligations, delving into sports activities, and simply having fun with family members and friends.

Hybrid buildings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hybrid buildings - Essay ExampleAncient hybridity began by home owners using puppet skin amongst other animal and temperament products to beautify their homes. Hybridity also began with experiments on human beings by cross-culturing divers(prenominal) genes. It was later that this concept was brought to the design of homes such that homes in urban atomic number 18as could have the richness and wholeness of nature (Joseph, 35). Homes in urban areas also laced space to extend their gardens and some architecture went as out-of-the-way(prenominal) as placing magnificent gardens on rooftops. The cost of worldly concern has continued to soar to sky high prices then people have less land to beatify their compounds (Joseph 20).Programs have been developed to help make state of affairs space have auditoriums to enhance the greenery of the environment. Building serve more than one purpose such as office buildings having car parks too and even malls being developed to house conglomera te activities such as housing exhibition halls, hotels, clubs, swimming pool, libraries, among others. Making buildings multi-functional has helped ease congestion on land and reduce the cost of acquiring separate space for other activities (Joseph, 30). Many hybrid types have been and are still being developed. It is this ingenuity of architects that will help transform this century into something admirable for future generations (Joseph

Nursing Research Paper - Leukemia Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing - Leukemia - Research Paper ExampleIntroduction The word leukemia is derived from the Greek dustup leukos and aima, which stand for gabardine rake. Leukemia is a form of blood and bone marrow cancer and it points to an abnormal issue and multiplication of white blood cells (leukocytes) in a persons body. Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow and they divide to form new body cells according to the requirements of the body (thither is the dying of overage cells and new cells deal to replace them). In a person suffering from leukemia, the DNA of immature white blood cells whateverhow becomes damaged and they grow and divide chaotically. The old cells do not die and there is rapid division of body cells more and more cells are produced in the body taking up more and more space and cancer problem arises. Simply put, the bad cells in the blood press out the good cells (Nordqvist, 2009). History of Leukemia Ancient Greeks discovered leukemia way back in the 4th or 5th century BC. However, John Hughes Benett officially diagnosed it in Edinburgh in the year 1845. In the 19th century, or so physicians from Europe further realized that a number of of their patients were suffering from peculiarly high white blood cells levels. They termed this condition weisses blut, meaning white blood. In the year 1913, leukemia was categorized into four types namely swell lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia (Erythroleukemia) and chronic myelogenous leukemia. Further, in the year 1970, it was proven that there was recruit for leukemia, and by 1980s and 1990s, roughly 70% of patients suffering from leukemia had been cured. This brought high hopes to all patients suffering from leukemia globally. For ages, people have been fighting with cancer, the only difference being that they were not aware of the details of what they were battling (Johnson, 2011). Treatment options Just equivalent the information concerning leukemia has changed with time, the discussion options available for the patients have also changed. The earliest treatment option administered to leukemia patients was arsenic. Generally cognize in the West as a poison, arsenic has been used to treat leukemia and such conditions as psoriasis and lues venerea in traditional Chinese medicine for almost two thousand years. It has been proven to have a considerable anti-cancer effect for leukemia although the mechanism for this effect has remained unknown till novelly when scientists in China nominate out that it targets proteins which contribute to cancer cells growth (Edwards, 2010). Healthandnutritiontips.net (2011) records that arsenic is still used in the treatment of some types of leukemia and that it has proved very successful. In the early 20th century, radiation therapy replaced arsenic (Johnson, 2011). Scientists found out that vulnerability to radiation decreases the cancerous tumors on patients in size. Radiation is still a v ery common and a very effective treatment option for leukemia, as well as other cancer types. However, it has several(prenominal) side effects that a patient needs to take into consideration (Healthandnutritiontips.net, 2011). Other modern/recent treatment options for leukemia include biological therapy or immunotherapy, chemotherapy surgery and bone marrow transplants. Biological therapy/immunotherapy has to do with treatment

Irish revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Irish revolution - Essay ExampleA clash of opinions and perspectives results into conflicts. rotatory changes ultimately refer to the numbers of a revolution i.e. the resulting reforms and alterations that progress after a revolution. Most changes begin with a single major conflict but it is not until later that we realize whether it is revolutionary or not. On the other hand, when a state faces the problem of sovereignty, a revolutionary outcome is guaranteed. When various major parties prove in a nation, with various ideologies, that condition is known as multiple sovereignty. Yet the result i.e. success and defeat, in any condition can never be predicted with certainty. Dual sovereignty is when a nation has two major parties, main(prenominal)ly the ruling party and the opposition party, with two different point of views. Irish revolution was a rebellion against the British rule by the united Irishmen of Ireland (The 1798 Irish rebellion 2013). united society of Irishmen was a combination of various protesting parties into a single society. They demanded the separation of Ireland from Britain. The causes for this demand were deep rooted. The main conflict amidst the British and the Irish was due to religion. For many years Ireland had been ruled by the Anglican minority as they were a member of established church that was loyal to the British crown. ... he fact that Ireland was given lesser rights than other British colonies are some of the reasons which led to numerous disagreements between the government and the public. The United society of Irishmen mainly relied on the intervention of the French military. Their assistance came as promised in fleets however adverse weather conditions scattered them leaving the Irish support less. The French fleets were an open firmness of rebellion thus the British, acting from the capital of Ireland castle, suppressed the society to almost non-existence. Contrary to further plans, the Dublin rebels retreated at t he prevail second of rebellion and brought the minor resistances up front creating confusion, chaos and terror. every the rebellions were suppressed with the exception of Wexford. However the rebels again faced defeat New Ross, Arklow, Newtownbarry. The northern rebellions in Ballymena, Antrim and Ballynahinch were brutally crushed by the military. The United Irishmen suffered much causality and the northern revolt was suppressed. The army then progressed towards the acetum Hill where the rebels had camped. The army made a surprise attack upon them. They were slaughtered and hanged mercilessly. The British regained control over the country. The last blow on behalf of the Irish rebels was made by the French when 1000 troops attacked and won at Castlebar. However it was an empty victory as the French soon ran out of steam and surrendered to the British. The chief outcome of the rebellious activities was the abolishment of Irish parliament. Their failed freedom and independence move ment led the British to take rase more severe measures against them. This resulted in even lesser freedom, equality and liberty to the citizens of Ireland. The numerous amounts of causalities due to this

Critical Evaluation of Andragogy against Other Learning Theories in Essay

diminutive Evaluation of Andragogy against Other Learning Theories in Relation to Adult - Essay ExampleMost of its assumptions ar derived from animal research whereby, Behaviourism, influenced by Thorndike, Pavlov, and Skinner almostly, postulates that culture is a change in observable demeanor caused by external stimuli in the environment.Researchers like John B. Watson and Edward L. Thorndike based most of their focus on science laboratory experimentation from where they generated the famous stimulus-response model as they believed that the inner experiences that were the focus of psychology could not be decent studied as they were not observable. In behaviourist orientation to learning, the principles of contiguity (how close in judgment of conviction two events must be for a bond to be formed) and reinforcement (any means of increasing the likeliness that an event will be repeated) are central to explaining the learning process. Using consequences to control the occurren ce of behaviour, cognise as operant conditioning - reinforcing what you fatality people to do again ignoring or punish what you want people to stop doing, behaviourists generalize their findings from animal research to human learning patterns in classrooms. ... This orientation to learning has been criticized for its overly deterministic nature of the conditioning theory derived from only empirical evidence of stimulus-response behaviour of animals which, sensibly, cannot be so indiscriminately applied to humans. Their overdependence on single events, stimuli and overt behaviours to judge and evaluate human capitulum and measuring human learning quantitatively, totally ignoring the cognitive processes in the learners mind are in big(p) opposition to the views of the cognitivists.Humanistic theorists, on the other hand, advocate the type of breeding that is both intellectual and emotional, taking into measure the personal experience of the learners involved. Humanistic theories basically emerged in 1960s, following the publication of A S. Neills book called Summerhill, as a reaction to behaviourist methods and was particularly attractive to post-16 education with students who had not succeeded within the traditional school day system. Neills system was a radical approach to child rearing which represented the true principle of education without fear. In his book Summerhill, Neill maintains a firm faith in the goodness of the child accept that the average child is not born a soulless automaton, but has full potentialities. The aim of education, jibe to him, should include both cognitive and emotional development of the trainees helping them to respond to life not only when with their brain but also their whole personality, a feature that has been lacking in modern society.Perhaps the most persuasive exploration of a humanistic orientation to learning camefrom Carl Rogers, a gifted teacher, who was able to clear up therapy focus on the person of the

Session Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Session Planning - Essay ExampleHowever, these requirements are different for Bass players. They exit play directly from our solid-state pre amps and direct boxes for direct recording. Please be talk overd to use thread in your guitar and dont forget to tune them a several times before the school term for the correct pitch.For keyboardists, please note to bring your own keyboards and its stand. You are required to bring your own world power cables, pedals and manuals. Although, we have different MIDI gear and other devices available at the studio but we would advise you to use your own for better sound quality. Similarly, Drummers need to bring their own drums to the studio on the mean solar day of session. Before final recordings make sure the heads are newly installed along with pedals that do not screech at all. Drums should be finely tuned before the session. For vocalist, please rehearse again and again to know the notes and lyrics by heart. Make sure you know all the high s and lows of the notes required in your song.Musicians required forget be oneness drummer, one keyboardist, two bass guitarists, one on electric guitars, a vocalist with three ambit supporting vocalists and other musicians if required any by the band.The setting of the musicians is set apart so their mics willing not interfere with each other. We have made sure that there should be enough aloofness between vocalist and the drummer and between the guitarists and the keyboardists.There are 9 tracks to be played in the session. 5 out of 9 tracks will be recorded on acoustic guitars whereas the remaining 4 songs will be pop/country. They would be the unplugged low versions. Each day each song will be given approximately 5-6 minutes during the entire session including the rehearsals.The people apart from the musicians will consist of our expert team, studio engineer, sound engineer and the management. Please avoid bringing any

Competition And The Pan-Hellenic Identity Between The Greek Poleis Essay

Competition And The Pan-Hellenic Identity Between The Greek Poleis - Essay ExampleAnd so as people from elsewhere the world over struggled to consolidate governance under single, unified governments, the Greeks adopted liberalized forms of monarchies, oligarchies, democracies and/or tyrannies, with all systems of governance borrowing heavily from distributively other. With a background of the Bronze Age that had dual-lane Greece into kingdoms, each with a demarcated territory and own kings claiming to rule under divine authority, the Greeks unknown Ages destruction of the hitherto existing political order and the devolution of power to minor despatchicials almost on a tribal structure heralded some form of freedom that the Greeks themselves werent prepared to transgress up for whatever reason, thus, the development of the city-states, or the poleis, as a fundamental political unit in the ancient Greek world (Budin 58). So important were the city-states and their newly acquired in dependence that even though each had independent governance structures, they all struck a working relationship that could help them ward off the conquest aspirations of other aggressive neighboring empires.As the Greeks slowly emerged out of the dark ages, they expanded their world, exploitation unique versions of communal engagements within their spheres of influence, known as the polis. A polis was generally made up of a major city and the surrounding countryside lands as buffer zones. Typically, the polis was layered into two the high city acropolis create on top of a hill, consisting of marble temples in honor of the different gods and goddesses, and the main city situated on the flatter surfaces where market places, public buildings, and peoples homes existed. With populations that were much freer than their predecessors, the triumphs and defeats of the city states was fully the duty of the city dwellers, who went ahead to create social identities which differentiated each p olis from all others.

Ford Motors and Its Leadership Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

crosswalk Motors and Its lead - Term Paper ExampleThe term paper cover Motors and Its Leadership talks about the productive efficiency that makes an agreement successful and also the leadership style that directs the organization towards a unified organization goal. Henry Ford introduced a structure whitherby employees and workers were wholly responsible for the tasks in their job description and the decision making was highly centralized only the top management could do that. Though Fords output signal line was perfect, it only made sales in the ground forces and Canada in1999.Jacques Nasser, Fords CEO in 1999 believed that there was an urgent need to relax the rigid and slighten structure and he recommended nimble leaders at all levels, in order to speed up decision making. Only when lower level employees were allowed to make decisions, they could feel confident and trusted. This improves efficiency and performance of the boilers suit workforce. Fords present ideology is that to start a revolution, one has to train revolutionaries. This was not the drive back in 1999. To develop leaders, Ford sent around 2500 of its managers to Leadership Development Center. These programs were not only aimed at defining good leaders but they also taught the skills and strategies to become good leaders. At Fords New Business Leader Program, Janine Bay retorted How many of you feel comfortable being here? About half. Okay. Well, I hope to change that this week. I want all of you to be uncomfortable. Because if youre comfortable, you cant really be a revolutionary, can you? (Hammonds, 2000). Only when managers work outside their comfort zones, they can learn different modernistic tasks and bring about innovations and revolutions. Leadership at grass antecedent level made Ford a more nimble entity. It instills risk taking ability at lower levels of the hierarchy. If employees at grass root wait for instructions from the top management, there can be hold ups in the w hole production process. Ford encourages leaders to be teachers because it makes them stronger and insightful leaders. Teaching transforms managers into leaders who can strike a remainder between work and family (Hammonds, 2000). In 2009, prevalent Motors and Chrysler filed for bankruptcy and agreed to government bailout. The course 2008 was the worst catch for Ford as it incurred a loss of $14.6 billion in sales. It had made $24 billion which was less than the $25.8 billion debt. In spite of this blow, Ford turned down government help because it wanted to execute it for times when the economy worsened to the greatest extent. Ford also experienced declining sales the following year and its sales in February 2009 were 48% lower than its sales in February of 2008. But Fords did not follow the footsteps of General Motors or Chrysler. The crisis that it faced did not shake its integrity as an organization. It stood strong in times of frugal trouble and refused government loans in o rder to bounce back. The reason why Ford survived even after refusing a government bailout was that in 2007, Ford had raised $23.6 billion by getting loans against its North American assets (that served as collateral). The idea as per the then chief executive Alan R. Mulally was that this loaned money will protect Fords in times of box. Unlike Chrysler and General Motors, Fords was protected in recession by this loaned money. Planning for contingencies by its top management gave Ford the security and stability it needed in recessionary period. In 2009, Ford turned out to be the only automaker survivor, when most automakers filed for bankrup

ART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 19

ART - Essay ExampleThe emperor later constructed a new metropolis with large buildings and beautiful buildings. This created a good opportunity for Gustav and his partners to demonstrate their talents. Gustav and his colleagues received an invitation by the Emperor. The Emperor treasured them to paint the palace in preparation for a pageant. The Emperor had organized the pageant to celebrate the plate wedding with his wife Empress Elisabeth. In subsequent years, Gustav and his company got an invitation to produce a ceiling scene for thermal birth in Carlsbad. Gustavs use of color and his patterns in his paintings were influenced by various liberal arts. This included arts of Japan, Byzantine Ravenna, the flat, ancient Egypt and the 2 dimension perspective of his paintings. Gustavs paintings at the early ages brought him a administrate of success. (Rogoyska, Gustav, and Patrick 7-60).Gustav painted his famous art The Kiss at the beginning of the 20th century. The Kiss portrayed two lovers kissing one another. The painting exemplifies the era of historians and historians alike whom he referred the fin-de siecle, meaning the end of a century. The design describes the artistic culture of the late 18th and early 19th century. This was more so in capital of Austria where the determination by Austrians to enjoy a happy lifestyle was disturbed by political upheavals and a future that was uncertain. Gustav captured the sensuality and opulence of this period by the famous painting (The Kiss). The setting in the painting is ambiguous and cannot be determined. The painting pattern in The Kiss signifies the gender differences. The circles represent the womans garment. The rectangles represent the mans garment. The patterns depicted on the picture unite the two lovers into one entity. This shows their tingling union. Modern artists use artistic patterns to communicate deep messages (Rogoyska, Gustav, and Patrick 7-60).The artistic work by Gustav is impressive. It

CIS206 U3 Discussion Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CIS206 U3 interchange - Coursework ExampleWindows is made up of FAT and NTFS filesystems whereas Linux has a variety of files systems most that you can boot from the network. Its not easy to run out of memory in Linux because it has swap partition that is different from the partition containing data. The last mentioned is not the episode in Windows (Carpenter, 2012). In addition, Linux filesystems have a lot of recoery tools as compared to windows. in that respect are many file systems in Linux including xfs, ext3, ext4, ext2, and jfs. These filesystems have different advantages and disadvantages thus the preference of one oer the other. XFS has its data layout the same way it is in ext2, ext3, and ext4. However, it has a journal and consequently increments btree management of meta-data. The latter case leads to poor performance especially when in managing meta-data in files and directories. A positive outcome is read enactment. XFS overly has an excellent performance when handli ng read and write at the same time.It is one of the filesystems that has been tested and fine-tuned over a long period. Further, it has incredible features that include xfs_fsr a defragmenter that is very simple to use (Hudson & Hudson, 2006). However, it is only realizable to increase the size of the XFS but its not feasible to reduce that size. Thus as a anxiety it is advisable to start with a smaller size.Ext4 evolves from ext3. It has the advantage of writing in a journal ahead updating the file system. It has made it good in recovering from crashes. It also adds wonderful management to adjacent data in files. Its performance in reading is good. Since it is very recent, a lot of tests are be quiet underway.An administrator imposes a disk quota system on a Linux server so as to take the disk space among the users or groups according to their usage needs. It is also important in determining the phone number of directories and files that the

Environmental Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Environmental Studies - Essay ExampleThe ecological system only depends on how it is being preserved and master(prenominal)tained. Global could have been prevented by taking the measures and following the plans.(Glantz 1999). Pollution is the main reason behind global warming. Smoke form vehicles, factories and manufacturing plants and forest fire are the major convey for pollution.All this lead to global warming which in turn was spoiled nearly of the species in the world. flood of toxic and poisonous feature from the industries also provoked global warming. The green house effect was unhinged due to this. The glaciers in many countries started melting be casing of these problems. There are various causes of global warming. Emission of gases the likes of methane and gases like nitrous oxide mixed with the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide from the vehicles was also a cause. This problem was common in most of the countries. Deforestation contributed to this problem. Although most of the scientists around the world tried hard to educate people regarding global warming, this was vain. As people were non aware of global warming and its after effects, they did not try to protect the environment. (McDonough, Michael 2002).Temperature disagreement has affected the ecology. ... As this also differed, the ecology was altered. The sea level got increased which resulted in natural misadventure like tsunami. Other natural disasters like volcanic eruptions and earth quake made earth uninhabitable. referable to global warming many species became extinct. But people never thought it would become such a threat. Nearly 40% of the species have been decimated. Global warming showed its nature with the evolvement of new diseases. (Quinn 1995).Many unnamed diseases started to spread and they did not have any proper medicines to cure it. Many people lost their lives during this time. From this, there was a step-by-step decrease in the population. By this time the level of sea started to rise, as the glaciers melted down and leave out into the sea. Though many organizations tried to spread the awareness regarding global warming, only some were able to get to their goal. They did not know the seriousness of global warming. Other disasters like volcano occurred in many countries. This similarly resulted in the increase of mortality rate. The diseases that started spreading due to global warming were mainly because of poisonous gas like methane which was emitted by many sources. Organic and inorganic wastes were also a major problem. Industries did not induce their wastes properly. The factories let out their wastes into the water bodies. Some of the manufacturing plants dumped their wastes in open vast put downs and some burnt these wastes. This colly the atmosphere, which created holes in the ozone layer. Gases like CFC which are being used in refrigerators are the main cause for the problems in the ozone layer. Drought also contributed to the declin e in the species. People did not have the facilities to cultivate their land to produce food.

The Information Age 1960-Present Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Information Age 1960-Present - Essay ExampleThe pass away of the information age began in 1962 by the invention of the counterbalance communications satellite called Telstar by doorbell Laboratories. This satellite was deployed into space using a Thor-Delta rocket and was the first satellite to successfully relay the first television pictures, fax images, and telephone calls. The ability to transmit images via satellite allows for the sharing of art throughout the innovation and at a very first rate.This later led to the development of the Internet in 1968 by the US Army. A vital component that led to the development of the Internet was the invention of the computer. The advent of the packet-switching net income is what led to the birth of the Internet. Packet switched network called ARPANET especially led to the development of procedures for internetworking in which several unaffectionate networks could be linked together. The Internet contains all the information one would like to know about art. Furthermore, it acts as a storage of images of art which individuals can enjoy without seeing the actual art.The Introduction of Fiber ocular communications occurred in 1970 and it was invented by Robert Lauren, Donald Kreck, and Peter Schultz. This fibre is a strand of silica based glass, and its dimensions atomic number 18 similar to human hair, surrounded by a transparent shield. Light is able to be communicable through the fibre over long distances at a very high rate so as to transport information.The invention of the Compact Disk was in 1987 by a scientist called James T. Russell. The CD as it is commonly known is an optical disc used for the storage of digital information. This was originally substantial for the storage of music and later evolved for the storage of even films. The invention of the Microprocessor was done by Marcain Hoff in 1971. This unified chip greatly improved the use of transistors, however, it could only perform the function it was originally programmed

Public private partnerships in healthcare sector in middle income Literature review

Public closed-door partnerships in healthcare heavens in middle income countries - belles-lettres review ExampleAs considerably, theoretical as tumesce as empirical studies point to the say-so contribution of private sector to reforms aimed at improving the quality and accessibility of health systems. The focus of the body of work is the increased focus of in the earth eye(predicate)-private partnerships (PPP) as a way of increasing capital finance as well as improving the efficiency and quality of service provision in low and middle-income countries. The partnership involves the public sector entering into long-term deoxidise with private sector in order to enable the public sector access private capital for building and renovating health facilities and agreeing to deliver services over the contract period. Such contracts are designed and agreed upon some pre-determined specifications of the required outputs and define the financial, working and clinical standards, which t he private sector has to meet. In low and middle-income nations, governments remain the ultimate funder of health care by making day-by-day payments to private sector in return for services delivered (Hellowell, 2012 p.71). Public-private partnership is an institutional arrangement built on foundation of fresh public management that claims objectives such(prenominal) as improved efficiency, quality as well as competition of public sector services. In striving to achieve these objectives, PPP aims at achieving assess for money while reducing the demands on the state budget by involving the private sector in provision of traditional infrastructure services like health care. Adoption of PPP policy at bottom industrialized nations is often viewed as a tool for further development of public services, while its employment in developing nations is a way for reducing poverty and improving the service offered to citizens in such nations. Early 1990s PPPs policy was widely adopted in indu strialized nations like USA, UK and Australia nevertheless, this policy has been easygoing in developing nations (Appuhami, Perera & Perera, 2011, p.431). The approach of PPP is attractive to developing countries that often experience macro-economic problems like ridiculous infrastructure that burden the government budgets and excessive government budget. State-based healthcare service provision and private sector health services have existed together in various low and middle-income nations for decades with many nations having a enormous portion of healthcare spending paid by the state. Private bidrs are heterogonous made up of dress business entities like independent hospitals, informal entities that include unlicensed providers as well as non-profit and non-governmental organizations (Basu, Andrews, Kishore, Panjabi & Stuckler, 2012, p.3). versatile studies have disaggregated consumption of health care by income levels and appeared to show that the private sector mainly pro vide health services to more affluent populations. In the emerging economies, some nations are taking reckless steps with the PPPs by indulging the private sector in both infrastructures alteration and delivery of clinical services in the integrated partnership. Health care is a labour-intensive exertion where clinical and ancillary services absorb most the expenditure allotted to many health systems thence integrating clinical services with provision of capital infrastructure in PPP offer remarkable opportunity for

Total Separation of Church and State Essay Example for Free

Total Separation of church reconstructing building and State EssayTotal Separation of Church and State Congress shall make no integrity respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof The first Amendment of the Bill of Rights within the Constitution and an amendment that comes with support, rejection, and controversy. The amendment was make because the forefathers didnt necessity a bloodbath that had plagued most of the world. Since 1618, at least 23 million populate hold in been killed during a war revolving around religion comes.The wars have been fought over land, where separate countries claim a spot of land was promised to them, which is similar to the hostility that is going on between Israel and Palestine, and beliefs, like the Taliban and Syrian rebels assail the United States Embassys because of a movie showing the face of the Islamic prophet Allah, and portraying him as a foolish, sexist pig. M either wars were fought in the nam e of God, which caused m all men, women, and children to parish. When the forefathers came to North the States, they didnt want a repeat of the hostility.Thomas Jefferson coined the phrase legal separation of church and deposit in a garner to a political friend, and the phrase stuck, with James Madison saying, The purpose of separation of church and offer is to come about forever from these shores the ceaseless strife that has soaked the soil of Europe for centuries. Because of the senseless fighting in Europe, separation was widely celebrated. But for separation to work, it needs to be enforced and to be strict. Strict separation is preferred for several reasons.First, it is a way of ensuring that we can all, as Americans, touch sensation that it is our brass, whatever our religion or lack of. If establishment becomes aligned with a particular religion or religions, those of other beliefs be made to feel like outsiders. The total separation of Church and State would be nefit all citizens because it would end the persecution of non-religious persons. But, in the end, it comes elaborate to one question Can anyone prove that religion is a benefit to everyday life if its included in government? Since the founding of our country, the United States of America has been, mostly, Christian country with over two-thirds of the heap belonging to Christianity, but that number is dropping. With the religious population dwindling down in the United States, the government should erect a wall of separation that James Madison and Thomas Jefferson envisioned. Erwin Chemerinsky wrote in the book wherefore Church and State Should Be Separate, It seems to me that if we want our citizens to feel that the government is open for everyone that it is their government we need our government to be strictly secular. With the total separation of the church from all federal affairs, it would benefit the citizens of the United States of America from persecution on individual s personal beliefs and ideals. Our forefathers came over to the Americas to escape the religious oppression of the King of England, and the Church. fleck holding onto their Christian beliefs, the forefathers decided that the land that would become the United States of America would be of religious freedom, so as not to repeat the atrocity of England during this time period.Even though they tried, the oppression found itself on our shores, coming with a vengeance. In the past 50 geezerhood, the government has been amounting religion into our country. On June 14th, 1954, president Dwight D. Eisenhower gestural into law a remove to the Pledge of Allegiance by adding Under God. Two years later, Eisenhower signed a law tallyicially declaring In God We Trust as our nations official motto, which also mandated the phrase be printed on all American paper currency. Eisenhowers choices to add these religious statements showed that the government has ahold of the ideals that once plagued E ngland.This issue has been fought in many unsuccessful lawsuits trying to undo the ill-use done by Eisenhower. The biggest issue is a government cannot be premised on the belief that all persons are created equal when it asserts that God prefers some. This belief counter acts everything that the country had worked to accomplish. According to the principle of the constitution regarding the separation of church and state, religion is a private matter, which has no place in the presence of government. As in every argument, there are two sides.In this case, people say that we dont need a wall of separation, that the church and state should become one, and that the United States should officially become a God fearing country, and that anyone who is not a Christian shouldnt hold political offices. Theres a growing causal agency in which nonreligious persons are becoming more and more abundant, beginning to compare with the number of the Christians in the country, hint to a conflict tha t resembles the Crusades without all the violence.All religion should be kept out of government buildings and any and every government acknowledgements of a God should be thrown out, respecting the citizens that are not religious. Throwing out the mention of religion could lead to some major changes within the government, which could benefit the country. The first reason to make this change is that it protects the nonreligious from unfair persecution. Besides the danger of a direct mixture of religion and government, there is an evil which ought to be guarded against in the indefinite accumulation of property from the capacity of holding it in perpetuity by ecclesiastical corporations.Many Americans misunderstand the words separation of church and state, assuming that the law requires that universe life must have nothing whatsoever to do with religion. The founders, by and large, were very much substantiating of the role of religion in society, but they separated the ideas of soc iety and government, leaving religion to play a role in society, not government. The separation of church and state is not meant to hinder religion, or to pass over the role of religion in society or in our history.The concept of separation of church and state applies to the actions of the government only. The second reason to make a change is that we will be able to appraise the churches. In 1986, an estimate showed that all religious income for that year was approximately $100 billion, or about quintuplet times the income of the five largest corporations in the United States. All tax free. With the money that is made from churches, the country would be legal transfer in billions of dollars a year that we can use to help pay off the deficit, build more roads, make more jobs, and build more schools.The third reason is that itll claim the pressure off of public offices. When John F. Kennedy was elected president in 1961, the public was scared that the Catholic Church would take over the country. chair Kennedy quickly made public that he supported separation of church and state and that no catholic prelate would tell the president (should he be catholic) how to act As President Kennedy believed in, the greatest way for our nation to flourish is without religion involved in politics.Many politicians cant be elected and lose to individuals that are not as qualified as they may have been. Religion is a very powerful tool, which we need to be careful on how we use it. fetching it out of government and federal affairs would greatly benefit the nation. The future of the United States of America is fuddled and prosperous as long as it adheres to the wishes of the forefathers and past presidents. Without religion, we shall strive. With religion, we will fall. In 1773, a Rev.Isaac Backus, a salient Baptist minister in New England, studied amongst his people that when church and state are separate, the effects are happy, and they do not interfere with each other but where they have been confounded together, no dialect nor pen can fully describe the mischiefs that have ensued. Looking at the ministers studies, it comes down to one lowest question what will you choose happy and separate, or mischievous and confounded together? With the non-religious growing in more and more numbers and their beliefs coming out, the world is noticing a change, a change for the better.The change is bringing down the level of hostility toward non-religious individuals, and with separation of the church and state becoming an even bigger issue in todays world it has become a topic which cannot be ignored any longer.

Simulation of Sales Promotions towards Buying Behavior Essay Example for Free

Simulation of Sales Promotions towards buy Behavior EssayAbstractThe purpose of this write up was to examine the influence of sales packaging on buy behavior among university students. Specific exclusivelyy, Kongunadu Arts and Science College was chosen as study location. The research data was peaceful from 171 answerings. The data were collected using self-administrated questionnaires. This study constitute that there was no signifi dirty dogt difference among grammatical gender and purchase behavior (t = -1.003, p 0.05). There were signifi fuelt relationship between military posture towards charge sacks (r = 0. 372, p 0.01), coupons (r = 0.270, p 0.01), unload discover outs (r = 0.256, p 0.01) and buy-one-get-one-free (r = 0.338, p 0.01) with purchase behavior. Results of Hierarchical Multiple Regression found that of the quadruple variables, footing discount ( = 0.256) was much influential that of buy-one-get-one free ( = 0.183), coupon discounts ( = 0.014) and free experiments ( = 0.040). The findings of this study would avail marketers to actualize the types of publicity that call backing(a)ly influence purchase behavior of the respondents. Hence, this could help marketers in their marketing cooking to become more(prenominal) competitive and gain profit. Keywords Sales promotion. Buying behavior. University students1. Background of StudyMany get accompaniments atomic number 18 so habitual that consumers conduct very little cognitive activity (Wathieu Murre, 2007). In much(prenominal) cases, it is hard to motivate behaviors much(prenominal) as stigmatise svwtching or increases in the number of units purchased. One of the advant climb ons of promotions is that they can stimulate consumers to think and evaluate taints and purchase possibilities when they otherwise may not befuddle. Therefore, many marketers and retailers utilize polar kinds of promotion tools and strategies in order to understand the prefer ence of consumers and boost their sales. Normally, sales may inveigle more customers spend their money, make consumption and purchase the products they wish during this super save period as the they believed that during the sales promotion, outlays of all products be cheaper than usual.This phenomenon shows that some of the consumers ar easily tempted when they see the word of sales promotion. Other than price reductions, coupon or rebate knuckle undern up by the retailer and other promotional tools like free sample, bonus pack and buy one get one free were found to be bring on consumer buy more than they expect ( gilbert, 1999). What ar more crucial now are consumers themselves not awake the influence of sales promotion on their buying deportment and oddly little is understood or so their responds to the various promotional strategies practice by marketers. This leave eventually lead to over-consuming and buy the products which are not necessary and useless.2. Purpose and Significant of StudyResearch on marketing tools is indeed important to understand the approximately influencing tools to compete with competitors. Through this info, marketers and retailers could well plan their resources to gain the maxiirium profit. Thus this study aim to analyse the preference of consumer on dissimilar promotional tools, marketers and retailers will able to awake(predicate) of the consumer behavior so that they can utilize the right and th most impressive promotion technique to curl up customers. From the consumer perspective, this study will reveal the consumer strength toward sales promotion and thus raise the awareness of consumers about their behavior that influenced by sales promotion. It as well shews part understanding and information to consumers where their purchase behavior will be bear upon several(predicate)ly due to different type of promotional tools.3. Literature ReviewPromotion is one of the techniques to attract consumers to pur chase more or try a product or service. Severe outcomes of promotion include sales increased, quantify of stock utilise and attract new consumers. For example, price promotion refers to temporary price reduction which offers to consumers. The characteristic is the retailer would label a specific percentage or cash preservation for the products or serve. Previous studies indicated that a sudden increase of sales would experience by retailers because of price-conscious of consumers (Banks Moorthy, 1999 Kopalle Mela, 1999 Smith Sinha, 2000 Gilbert Jackaria, 2002). check to Blackwell, Miniard and Engel (2001), price discounts played operative theatrical roles in influencing consumer product runnel behavior by which indirectly attract new consumer.In term of coupon promotions, those consumers comport ined coupon are entitled to get discount of the products at its brighial price (Ndubisi shoot the breeze, 2006). Previous study found that coupon promotions do not have signif icant effect on volume of product purchase by consumer (Gilbert Jackarias, 2002). Later, a study conducted by Ndubisi and Chew (2006) at Malaysia has re-affirmed the statement by Gilbert and Jackarias (2002). They likewise describe that coupon promotion was among the least employ and unpopular promotional tools by consumers. However, the results in Dotsons (2001) research proved that women report being more likely to use only coupons than men (p 0.05) and the youngest age group (less than 25 years old) reports a high possibilify of victorious advantage of bonus packs (p 0.05), price deals (p 0.05) and samples (p 0.05) than the age group of 35 to 54 respectively. fit in to Kardes (1999), marketing managers aware of product trial related to behavioral experience of consumers towards a product. Thus, sending free sample birth lead in promotional tools. Free samples refers to consumers are giving a free small sample of the product so that consumers have the chance to try an d use the product. Shimp (2003) reported that a free sample had influence on consumers buying behavior charm Gilbert and Jackaria (2002) have shown otherwise. Free sample was positively related to immediate sales of that particular (Lammers, 1991).Promotion technique of buy-one-get-one-free is one of the types of bonus packs in which the consumers are offered the additional product at the ordinary price but are in an enhanced package. Consumer would be easily persuaded to buy products as there is no extra cost need and more expensive perceived by consumers (Sinha Smith, 2000). Besides, this promotion technique would beneficial to retailers in speed up the stock dynamic headroom compared to price promotions (Li, Sun Wang, 2007).Relating with buying behavior, consumers usually have endless demand to ftilfiU their needs and satisfaction to obtain something new or better as every individual has their own behavior, spatial relation and thought while choosing products, services and making purchase decision. Consequently, there is a large body of literattire, which has examined consumers buying behavior and the studies have reported that many factor would infiuence consumer behavior whether buy or not to buy a product.According to Smelser and Baltes (2001), most of the daily life activities dominated by buying goods behavior and also experience which gained from the place such as shopping centers, cify centre, shops, recreational park, tourism centre and so on, where some stimulation r can be stimulated. William (2002) revealed that social class has significant determination on purchase evaluation criteria. strength formation, motivation, value orientation, income, socialization during childhood and education levels will influence ones social class. According to Yip (2003), social class of an individual indirectly shows that low income would cause limited choice when making purchase decisions. spicy purchasing power, sales someone and sales circumstances wa s among three key factors which influenced impulsive clothes buying practice among women consumer (Naimah Tan, 1999).4. MethodologyFor the convinence of the researchers Kongunadu College of Arts and Science was selected as location of study. The data collection process was conducted among the students with antecedent permission from the department. Even though this small sample might not able to representative of all the population, it is considered as appropriate sampling because of using a relatively homogeneous group and this is helpful to denigrate random error that might occur in using a heterogeneous sample such as the general public (Calder, Philips Tybout, 1981).Pilot study had been done before the actual study take place. The purpose of pilot study was to assess the reliability of the instruments that used in actual study. For this research, the pilot raise had involved a get of 25 students in order to ensure that the question were understandable by the actual respond ents. In addition, pre- audition allowed the researcher to improve confidence and to make sure that the items that existed in questionnaire was suiting the studys requirement.4.1 instrumentationThe present study used the questionnaire as the instrument of the study. The questionnaire was divided into three parts that were background of the respondents, the respondents lieu and perception with regards to different promotional tools and buying demeanor of respondents. In commencement part of questionnaire, each respondent was asked to answer both open-ended and close-ended questions. Open-ended questions allowed respondents to generate an answer without limitations such as age and family periodic income. On the other hand, close-ended questions required respondents to select from a set of answer already provided such as gender and race. Second part of the questionnaire was consisted of thirty two items where each different promotional tool was heedful using eight items. The items developed to understand respondents military strength towards different promotional tools. There were foursome different promotional tools tested (i.e., price discounts, coupons, free samples and buy-one-get-one-free).Respondents were required to give a respond on a four stage no. scale (strongly disagree, disagree, agree, strongly agree). The last of the questionnaire was also used four points ordinal scale (strongly disagree, disagree, agree, strongly agree) where there were thirteen items measuring the consumers buying behaviour, adopted from Bakewe and Mitchell study. In the addition, the responses are given from one point in one end to four points in the other end. The Statistical case for Social Science (SPSS) version 16.0 was used to analyze data.For analytical purposes, each scale of the total attitude level (price discounts, coupon discount, free samples and buy-one-get-one-free approach) were categorized into two categorized, solely ground on the mean score of eac h measurement. The reliability for attitude towards price discounts scale was 0.752 while the reliabiliy of attitude towards coupons scale was 0.827. Furthermore, the reliability for attitude towards free samples scale was 0.862 and the reliabiliy for attitude towards buy-one-get-one-free scale was 0.806. Buying behaviour scale had achieved reliability of 0.680. These five instruments had achieved welcome reliability for business and social science research.5. Research Finding and Discussion5.1 position towards Price Discounts remit 1 demonstrates that more than one- half(prenominal)(a) of the respondents agree that they prefer brands which offer price discounts, but more than half of the respondents prefer their favourite brands than brands which offer price discounts. This study also interested in indentifying about the crime syndicate of attitude towards price discounts. The scale of the total attitude towards price discounts was then categorized into two concern groups. Res pondents who scored above the mean scale (2.56 points) were categorized as having lucky attitude towards price discounts and respondents who scored below of the mean scale were categorized as having unfavourable attitude towards price discounts. send back 1 showed that less than half of the respondents (40.4%) had unfavourable attitude towards price discounts, where as there were 69.0% of the respondents have favourable attitude towards price discounts.5.2 Attitude towards CouponsTable 1 indicated that the first statement was agreed by most of the respondents which were 53.2%. They acknowledged that a brand offers coupon would be a reason for them to buy. The respondents feel that a brand which offers coupon doesnt give them a good buy (56.1%). Respondents do not give priority for the brands which offers coupon and they prefer their prescribed and favourite brands more. The data in Table 3 showed that the score of total attitude towards coupons of the respondents in run of lower than 2.44 points which were 49.7% of the respondents have unfavourable attitude towards coupons. On the other hand, there was 50.3% of the respondents have favourable attitude towards coupons. This indicated that exactly half of the respondents have positive attitude towards coupons promotion in this research.5.3 Attitude towards Free SamplesAccording to Table 1, exactly half of the respondents agreed that when they buy a brand that offers free samples, they feel they are getting a good buy (51.4%) and free sample has allowed them to buy more quantities of the same product. Moreover, half of the respondents prefer to buy the same brand even if they have free samples on other brands. However, Shimp (2003) reported that free sample had influence on consumers buying behaviour.As presented by Table 3, the scale of the total attitude towards free samples score cut point for two equal groups was 2.46 points which mean the group who scored higher than the mean scale of 2.46 has favourable attitude towards free samples and respondents who scored below of the mean scale were classified as having unfavourable attitude towards free samples. Based on Table 3, it proved that majority of the respondents (55.6%) have favourable attitude towards free samples while there were 44.4% of the respondents have unfavourable attitude towards free samples. This showed that there were 95 respondents (55.6%) out of the 171 respondents willing to consume more during the sales promotion with free samples technique.5.4 Attitude towards Buy-One-Get-One-FreeTable 1 illustrated the respondents in this study have agreed perception on all of the eight statements related to buy-one-get-one-free promotion tool. It showed that the percentage of the respondents who agreed on the statements was more or higher than respondents who disagreed on it. For example, 62.6 of the respondents agreed that a brand offers buy-one-get-one-free could be a reason for them to buy. Based on Table 1, it presented the scale of the attitude towards buy-one-get-one-free cut point for two equal groups were 2.6 points. Respondents who scored below the mean scale ( 2.6 points) of the attitude towards buy-one-get-one-free were categorized as having unfavourable attitude where as respondents who scored above the mean scale (2.6 points) were categorized as having favourable attitude towards buy-one-get-one-free. In Table 3, there were 48% of the respondents who have unfavourable attitude towards buy-one-get-one-free while 52% of the respondents have favourable attitude towards buy-one get-one-free.5.5 Respondents Buying BehaviourAccording to Brown (2007), buying behaviour refers to the decision processes and acts of people involved in buying and using products. There were total of 13 statements used to examine the respondents buying behaviour. The responses were scored by four point ordinal scale. Table 2 indicated the descriptive outline of each question for buying behaviour. The analysis had been di vided into two levels of buying behaviour agree and disagree. From Table 2, it showed that majority of the respondents (80.7%) agreed in general, they try to get the high hat overall quality and 81.8% of them agreed they look very carefully to find the best value for money. More to the point, there were 71.9% of respondents agreed once they find the product they like, they will buy it on a regular basis and 81.3% of them would carefully watch how much they spend. Among the 13 statements, the statement of I normally shop quickly, buying the first product or brand I find that seems good enough agreed by most least respondents which were 56.8% of respondents.The results of buying behaviour level as shown in Table 3. Equal range was used to categorize the buying behaviour that is low and high level Respondents who under 2.87 points and above were categorized as having high levels of buying behaviour and vice versa. There were 49.7% of respondents in category of low level buying behavio ur and 50.3% of respondents have high level of buying behaviour. The respondents, who have high level of buying behaviour normally, have high level of involvement where they are paying more attention towards sales promotion (Raaij et al, 2001).The result of Independent Samples T-test showed that there was no significant difference between buying behaviour and gender (t = -1.003, p 0.05). It was consistent with previous study by Chu (2006). However, the mean score of buying behaviour of phallic (M = 2.8390) respondents is slightly lower than female respondents (M =2.9059).5.6 The relationship between the selected variables and buying behaviourThe result of Pearson Correlation test revealed that there was a significant relationship between attitude towards price discounts and buying behaviour among respondents (r = 0.372, p 0.001) (refer to Table 4). The results of this study reaffirmed that findings of previous study by. Blackwell, Miniard and Engel (2001) that price discounts pla y significant roles in influencing consumers purchase trial behaviour, and Smith and Sinha (2000), price promotions can induced consumers buying behaviour and result in a absolutely term increases in sales. There was a significant relationship between attitude towards coupons and buying behaviour (r = 0.270, p 0.001). The result of this study was inconsistent with previous study in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia which found that coupons have no significant relationship on product trial ptu-chase (Ndubisi Chew, 2006). This may caused by locality difference.This study also found that, there was a significant relationship between attitude towards free samples and buying behaviour (r = 0.256, p 0.001). The result is consistent with Shimp (2003) that a free sample had influence on consumers buying behaviour. Besides, Lammers (1991) also verified that free samples did have a positive impact on immediate sales of the product. Lastly, there was a significant relationship between attitude toward s buy-one-get-one-free and buying behaviour (r = 0.338, p 0.001). It showed that the promotion tools with buy-one-get-one-free did attract and induce consumers favourable attitude on buying behaviour.Table 5 summarizes results of a multiple degeneration analyses of the buying behaviour. All the four selected variables namely price discounts, coupons, free samples and buy-one-get-one-free which significantly related to buying behaviour was regressed using hierarchical method. Model 1 was used to in interpreting the buying behaviour of the respondents. Of the four variables, price discount ( = 0.256) was more influential that of buy-one-get-one free ( = 0.183), coupon discounts ( = 0.014) and free samples ( = 0.040).6. Implications, Recommendations and Conclusions6.1 ImplicationsEvery consumer has their own ad hominem characteristic in particular in choosing and making purchase decision. With the growing number of sales promotion, it is important to determine the consumers percept ion towards their buying behaviour. Besides, this study also examines several factors which included socio-demographic background (gender) and attitude towards four different promotional tools on buying behaviour. From the findings, it was noticed that consumers respond positively to the various promotional tools that is promoted by the marketers. It is because consumers are believed that during the sales promotion, prices of all products are cheaper than usual and they felt they are getting a good buy. It meant that the more positive or favourable the attitude towards promotional tools, the more increasing possibility consumers make purchase decision during sales promotion. Gender was found to have no significant difference on buying behaviour.The results of this study have several implications that would be beneficial to marketers, consumers and future research. From the marketers perspective, they can have a better understanding of UPM students buying behaviour so that they can b etter predict the wants and needs of potential consumers. The information derived from this research enable marketers to aware of the consumer behaviour. It will help them utilize the right and the most effective promotion technique to attract customers. Moreover, the study from Ndubisi and Chew (2006) also supported that by offering the right promotional tools, it can help organizations carefully plan their promotional strategies by giving preference to the more effective tools.It is vital because the precise marketing strategies decision assistances the company to minimize cost and maximize their profit. In addition, the veritable research made consumers more aware of their easily influence behaviour to sales promotion because it present better understanding and information to consumers where they respond differently due to different type of promotional tools. The research also created consumer awareness to make careful analysis before they decide to buy products and services. H ence, the consumers will carry out the importance of understanding the changing environment and update themselves from time to time (Hang, 2008). Finally, consumers were benefited through this study and graceful smarter day by day. This study was also useful to academicians where current study could serve as a reference and may provide some guides for researchers who would like to study about the same topic.6.2 RecommendationsAlthough this research has interpreted vital steps to identify the factors that influence buying behaviour, it also has certain limitations. Firstly, the limitation of the data prevents get along exploration of the study. There was an age limit and only 171 respondents have been participated in this study. The respondents were almost homogenous for age types because there were between 18 to 24 years old and represent early adulthood only. distinct stages of life cycles of respondents would yield different results. Therefore, future researchers are suggested to increase the sample size variety especially in respondents age to decrease the error for the purpose of the generalizing result to a wider population. They can do similarity among early, middle and late adolescents in regards to buying behaviour.Secondly, future researchers may further scope to duplicate the study in different environment and different geographical locations. Different environment played a significant factor that influence respondents behaviour specifically workplace, supermarkets and shopping complexes or malls. Working individuals could behave in a different manner compared with this sample. Besides, the individuals who do not have occupation such as housewife and retired person may also behave differently because the understanding and experience of respondents towards the questions might influence their answers. Since this study was conducted in Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, it could not represent other people in urban or country-bred area s where the quality of life is different.Thirdly, future researchers are suggested to use interview technique in doing research especially at the place here transactions happen. This will enable the researchers obtain an accurate information based on the respondents fresh memory Last but not least, this research has only examines four promotional tools that influence buying behaviour. Future researchers are suggested to determine other promotional tools such as rebates, sweeptakes, in pack premiums and so forth. Besides, the study can also specify in category of products or services to have more focus information.However, for more meaningful findings the different promotional tools can be investigated unneurotic rather than separately so that the interactions among them can be better understand. As a result, it can assist marketers and consumers understand other promotional tools that may influence the buying behaviour.6.3 ConclusionsSales promotions play an important role in the m arketing programs of marketers and retailers. A large percentage of marketers sales are made on promotion. This situation is becoming apparently when the financial crisis and economic downtime happened in 2008. The marketers are rather use variety of promotional tools to offers consumers an extra inducement to buy their products than advertising in classic media. It is supported by the research from Curzon (2009) who stated that sales promotions are not only effective in attaining short-term sales as they are also more cost-effective compared to other integrated marketing communications tools such as advertising.In conclusion, the consumers attitude towards different promotional tools on buying behaviour is favourable. It showed that sales promotion tools are appurtenant or complementary to existing business as an additional marketing strategy. This research demonstrated that consumers buying behaviour were motivated by multiple types of factors, including socio-demography, promot ional tools such as price discounts, coupons, free samples and buy-one-get-one-free. In addition, the framework provides new insights into the understanding of how students respond to various promotional tools offered by marketers and the impacts on their buying behaviour, which may be essential for marketers in order to utilize accurate marketing strategies to promote products.

Discuss the major components of an academic essay,outlining the role that each component plays. Essay Example for Free

Discuss the study comp championnts of an donnish assay,outlining the role that each component plays. EssayAn academic essay is a systematic wear round of writing which has a coherent and cohesion meaning. Basically, an academic essay is mainly characterized by an introduction, the body, the conclusion and the wing as shall be discussed forth with. To begin with, an introduction as stressed by McMillan and Weyers (2010 90) has to be the beginning(a) contact that the contributor makes with the author of the text. This, therefore means it (the introduction) has to be well organized and light up, that is, in short and microscopic to the subject matter or the national. In support, Cleary et al (2013 264) writes, The introduction is the official start of your essay and introduces your accepter to the subject. Furthermore, Gamble and Gamble (2010 371) supports the idea of the introduction being the first to impress the subject matter or points to be stressed.They further exp lain that, The functions of an introduction ar to gain the attention of the audition members, to make them see to the speech. Just like Gamble, Payne (2001) gives an emphasis on getting the attention of the audience through introducing the subject. Payne (ibid) suggests that, the introduction has to cause about the topic, that is, highlighting the audience or the reader about the subject or topic. In attachment to that, Gamble (ibid) further shows that, in the introduction one of the ultimate goals to be built is rapport. This therefore, means creating or having a mutual relation of understanding with the audience. Cleary (2013 265) suggests that, an introduction has to explain the title as necessary de suck upate terms employ in the title and explains the figure in writing the subject matter. This means, educating the audience or reader about the topic and thereby, giving adequate information relating to the subject. In addition, McMillan (ibid) gives an emphasis on the im menseness of the introduction being brief and, thereby explaining of the topic context. Meaning the introduction has to be clear and fashioning the topic being clearly undersas welld by everyone. Pritchard (2008) also highlights on the formulation of the relation surrounded by the audiences so as to deliver the information effectively. More so, Payne (ibid), further outlines that the role of the introduction is to create focusting of the study ideas of the subject matter. Again, this creates the map of the rest of the piece of work or document or speech, giving directions and highlights of what is expiry to happen through the course of the writing. In support, McMillan (201089) suggests that, an introduction should have an ex intendation of how one isgoing to plan to address the topic in a whileicular text-in effect statement on intent.Furthermore, Cleary (2013 265) suggests that, an introduction has to curtly state the structure of the essay by giving the main points. This th ereby gives the reader a clear picture on the title, the purpose of writing, the focus and the essay structure writes. Furthermore, an introduction should not be too difficult to understand. The use of simple language which is widely accepted gives credibility and the use of jargons it should not be used when introducing a topic. There should not be any ambiguity when introducing a topic. After the introduction, an academic essay should have the body. This, as writes Payne (2001 416), Is the main portion of the speech. This therefore, means that the use of goodness joints of clock times is widely encouraged. This burst therefore provides all the facts, evidence, critical analysis, discussion and a well built up side line of the story or the topic. As a result, the main ideas or the gist of the topic are well attainable efficiently. In addition to, McMillan et al indicates that, This section (the body) lays out the work based on the attempt which one has decided to adopt in organi zing the content. This part of the essay needs to be dealt with great care, as organizing the information is crucial. Since the idea needs tight-laced and crucial alignment, this therefore explains the importance of a good essay structure with a good planning of words and a coherent of good words in sentence construction.Clouse (2008) asserts that, the body consists of two major parts which are the topic sentence and the support details. The topic sentence has to present the main topic of the paragraph and announces the paragraphs main idea, giving a map. Also, the supporting details are the evidence details provided to demonstrate the truth about the topic sentence. In other words, the body has to explain the major points, generalizing, describing or exemplifying as part of the analysis (McMillan). In addition, these authors also allude on keeping the body part as concise and clear as possible this thereby means the body has to have less ambiguity in it. CEES (ed.) reveres that the body part of an academic essay writing has to serve the purpose of giving evidence, examples, references which relates to the topic sentence. This as a result, gives the audience a clear and a well defined picture of what is being meant by the topic sentence in play. In addition, CEES ibid points out that, the body presents the topic sentence or the central idea supporting the thesisstatement or line of argument. In line with Cleary (2013 135-136), paragraphs should be well constructed and of meaning and this is when sentences are arranged in such a way that they link to one another giving pellucidness to the reader. Such coherence can be achieved by arranging the sentences in the sequence that will outmatch communicate the message to the reader through the inclusion of signpost words or signals which guides the reader. Also, a radiate flow of ideas makes the essay much more interesting, that is, cohesive meaning of the thoughts or ideas pertaining to the topic being discuss ed. Again, this uses transitions in the midst of paragraphs in order to ensure a perfect flow of ideas. However, the conclusion in an essay serves the purpose of summarizing the presentation. More so, McMillan (91) defines a conclusion as a compendium of the safe and sound piece of work.Therefore, a good conclusion has to present and clarify what has been discussed, evaluated, analyzed, and stated in the master piece (the body) party of the essay. Furthermore, Redman (2006) gives an emphasis that, proper conclusions has to revisit the key points or the main points of ones argument, summarizing the key debates raised and try to meld them. Therefore, the conclusion should provide a condensed version of the essays core argument, and restating the writers limit in essay. Also, Cleary ibid purports that, in the conclusion, ideas not mentioned before should not be introduced as this thereby changes the focus of the conclusion. Payne ibid (2001 424), indicates that, cobblers last is the summarizing of the major ideas. One does not have to review everything said in the speech, but a short piece reminds the audience of what is important. The conclusion has to serve the purpose of clarifying the issues or ideas one has just discussed. In addition to that, Cleary ibid says, The component of a conclusion is to serve as a summary of the main points, ordinarily referring to the thesis statement. Besides serving as a summary, a good conclusion should be used to heighten the impact of the presentation writes Gamble (2010 374).The conclusion must be a synthetic summary which therefore provides a platform of mutual understanding. Furthermore, it must grace the piece of work in such a manner that the major audience notes the major points or ideas of the summary as a whole (Payne). This means, a good conclusion has to be justified for recommendations. Again, a conclusion should be short, clarifying and accenting on the main topic of the writing, or the subject matter.There fore, this acts as a tool in making the presentation of the rest of the topic to be well remembered through a bracing conclusion (Payne ibid). To gouge more on a good academic essay, references should be made so as to applaud the whole kit and caboodle of others (A2Z Essay). Cleary ibid (2013 361) defines, Referencing as a standardized method of acknowledging printed or electronic sources of information and idea that one have used in the essay, in a way that uniquely identifies their source. Furthermore, referencing is an act of back acknowledging the works of others in any borrowed fact so as to keep the works of others safe from any plagiarisation claims (A2Z). Simply put, referencing is necessary to avoid plagiarism to enable readers to verify quotations and to enable readers to follow up and read more fully cited authors argument or research. On another note, reference gives induction that allows the readers or audiences to consult the source in case of confusion or further discussions. Again, references acts as an assessment tool in the sense that it requires one to find reliability of the sources of the text, similarities and differences among the sources and making connection between the details (

Medical Records and Privacy of the Famous Essay Example for Free

Medical Records and Privacy of the illustrious EssayMedical Records and Privacy of the Famous Privacy seems to be something that many race desire, but is bonny less and less available. With all the new applied science, it is easier than ever to invade someones privacy. With cameras everywhere, from ATMs to peoples cell phones, it is difficult for anyone to do anything that can be kept to one s self. While privacy is a right that the average person doesnt normally struggle with, it is a problem that celebrities encounter everyday. Paparazzi argon ceaselessly following these famous people around as they do their everyday things desire shopping, playing with their children, partying, or simply hanging in their homes. It is basically the price to sacrifice to be famous. While these celebrities lives are invaded to a large degree, shouldnt they still enjoy the right to respect some aspects of their lives personal? Celebrities should surrender the right to keep things like a esculapian records private, because not only is it a violation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA), it is un respectable to release medical information roughly someone to the public, flush celebrities.In recent years, there have been a number of break-ins of celebrity medical records that have been leaked to the tabloids. In 2006 one of the countrys leading medical institutions discovered that the security of their medical records had been breached when The National Enquirer printed a story astir(predicate) Farrah Faucets cancer relapse, before the actress even told any of her family members (Steinhaurer, 2008). Ms. Faucet is not the only celebrity who has had this happen.In 2007, George Clooney was informed that his medical records were accessed by people who didnt have the right to look at them, following a motorcycle crash that left field the actor with broken ribs and scrapes. Britney Spears was also a victim when the media reported that she was involuntarily hospitalized in 2008 and put in the psych ward under the thought she could be a danger to others or herself. Gossip outlets and other paroleworthiness media reported on her interactions with staff and visitors throughout her hospitalization (Techweb, 2008).These are incidents that have occurred for many years, as tabloids are always interested in the medical issues celebrities deal with, and keeping it under wraps is more difficult with technology making it easier for anyone to gain instant access to wellness secrets. With the advent of networked computers, the problem has increased exponentially, and celebrities are constantly surrounded by people who are go outing to trade in medical information for value or their own 15 minutes (Blankstein, 2008).While the people who accessed the records of these celebrities and leaked the stories are definitely at fault, I think that much of the blame also lies with the reporters and journalists who actually print and air the stories. The press is violating privacy by releasing these stories in two ways, legally and ethically. Medical privacy rules apply to everybody, including celebrities, Alicia Mitchell, spokesperson for the American hospital Association said. Everybody is entitled to confidentiality of what is often very personal information (Rhea, 2007). By printing the very private medical information, there was a violation of HIPPA.HIPPA is an act that went into effect in 1996 and it set a field of study standard for securing and protecting patient health information. Hospitals have strict policies against leaking information, with the exceptions of insurance and law enforcement investigations. Because of this law, many health care providers wont even admit to treating some patients (Techweb, 2008). While the people who leaked the stories to the press have been reprimanded by either suspension or termination, there wasnt any type of consequences for the press for account this illegal material.T hat brings me to the ethical violation. Depriving people of their privacy is a cruel and immoral act, which could destroy their lives. The sole objective lens of tabloids is to make money, so theyll go to any extreme to satisfy their readers and increase circulation figures (Heng, 2006). It is obvious that celebrity news is an outlet that sells, as seen by the numerous tabloids and recreation shows. The public has an interest in what is going on in the lives of these rich and glamorous people.This brings on a form of mediated voyeurism, which can be be as, the consumption of revealing images and information about others real and unguarded lives, not always for the purpose of entertainment but frequently at the expense of privacy and discourse, through the means of the mass media (Calvert, 2000). Basically manifestation that the public has a need to see these famous people and learn about their lives, even at the risk of invading their privacy. The tabloids simply exploit the pub lics desire to learn these things, regardless of the ethical issues of invading a human beings privacy.They know people will buy it and that they will make money. I think that to be an ethical journalist it is important to empathize with the person whose liveness is about to be splashed on the papers. Of course there is the matter of getting the story and winning the readers and the editor, but it should take into account the publics real right to know. A story about the health of someone like the President of the United States might be something worth printing, because knowing how he is medically is of public interest because this is a man that is running the country.However, that is a different scenario with someone like Britney Spears. She is simply an entertainer and it isnt important for the public to know her health because it will not affect the periodical lives of people. It is simply news that the public likes to learn about. If I were a journalist, I would like to think to myself how I would feel if someone had released my medical records for the public to read. I would feel very violated. As Lance Morrow states, inviolable journalistic standards are not difficult to state, middling tough sometimes when applied case by case.Journalists function best when they are mature, experienced, and intelligent when they keep their work as clear and simple as possible when they fall back upon decency and common sense if questions arise about whether to run a humans (Morrow, 2002). If these people were true journalists, they would think ethically about whether or not to release this type of information, and whether or not it is simply the decent thing to do. I would think that it would be an easy answer because, just because someone is famous, doesnt mean that all of their privacy rights should be violated.

Venezuela’s Culture Essay Example for Free

Venezuelas destination EssayThe finishing of Venezuela is primarily a mixture of Spaniard, Afri patronage and Indian traditions which was common known as criollo (Creole) (Palmerlee, 825). Their culture withal has a strong influence coming from the United States appearing in the place of the twentieth century. But the influences coming from the original Indian inhabitants were neglected beca manipulation of the long Spanish colonization. The principal Venezuelan folk type is the llanero, or plainsman, which is similar to the gaucho of Argentina, the cowboy of the United States, and the vaquero of Mexico. The llaneros folklore, songs, dances and legends are popularized throughout the country. Venezuelas field of study song and dance is the joropo, a gay and syncopated invention of the llaneros, danced with a lively, jig-like cause (Kohnstamm, 230). It employs such native instruments as the maraca, a rattle made of dried gourd shells a junior-grade harp and the cuatro, a sm all, four-string guitar. The tono llanero, or melody of the plains, is a folk dance which embodies Venezuelan popular impression at its purest.Other popular dances include the pasillo, similar to the pasillo of Columbia the merenque, which came from Santo Domingo and the corrido, from Mexico. The tanquito, a Venezuelan version of the Argentinian tango, is alike very popular in the country. As of this date, Venezuela has no traditional congratulate mainly because of the several(p cherryicate) cultures they inherited from the numerous races they had in the country. But some of them use the dresses that the indigenous people (like the tribes who lives in the amazon areas) used along time ago. A good showcase of this is the Liqui-liqui this is unremarkably worn by Venezuelan men.A traditional Liqui liqui is made up of white linen cloth, it has a full length trousers and a long sleeve jacket with a rounded Nehru-style collar, which is fastened and decorated by a junta, it also ha s around 5-6 buttons. It can also withdraw a pocket. This dress is traditionally worn with an alpargata (it is an open-toed kind of sandal) and can be accessorized with a llanero hat. According to some stories, Liqui liqui was also worn by the rich and famous of Venezuela. A good example of this is the mayor of the Caracas district of Chacao, Leopoldo Lopez which he wore Liqui-liqui in wedding celebration decease March 2007.This can also be worn by the women but instead of pants they use a biddy. A joropo dress is also used by the women of Venezuela it has a very colourful skirt that they used to wave back to their partners during the dance ball. The Roman Catholicism is the predominant faith in the country. It is estimated that 95 percent of their present population adheres to the Roman Catholic faith (Dydynski, 376). However, religious freedom is guaranteed to all faiths, and no mention of the Roman Catholic Church is made in the constitution.In 1980s the Protestants catches th e attentions of a a couple of(prenominal) Venezuelan but the Evangelist and Adventist has more followers than the Protestant. There were also few Mormons and Jewish. But well-nigh of the indigenous religion practices were vanished because they were introduce and converted to Catholicism. Although there were some of it survived and still active in their culture society, one good example of this is the culto of Maria Lonza. According to their stories and legends, Maria is a witch or healer which was born with an Indian father and a Spanish mother.She symbolizes the other two figures, black henchman, el lightlessness Felipe, and of an Indian cacique (chief), Guaicapuro which makes them the Tres Poderes or the Three Powers. Though the country is composed of different races and ethic groups, legal age of Venezuelans practices the Catholicism, which they owed from their Spanish colonial inheritance. They held mass everyday but has an obligatory worship day which is every Sunday, it w as verbalize that in this ritual they believe that the simple bread and wine will be turning into the form and blood of Jesus Christ.They believed in the sacrament of baptism and confirmation, most of the Venezuelan children carries a name of a ideal and celebrates their saints day and their own birthdates separately. They practice a straight nine days solicitation for their beloved who had just passed away this was usually attended by the immediate family members and close friends of the deceased person. both December 25th they celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ which was commonly known as Christmas. They also commemorate Ash Wednesday were in they put ashes in form of a crucifix in their frontal bone in preparation for the Holy Week.One of their famous rituals is the Devil Dance (Baynham, 378). They celebrate this annually during the principal Christi. They do this by saltation in a drumbeat along the streets of Venezuela with a bloody red costume and a devilish mask. In t his said rituals the devil or the evil olfactory perception fights back against the good spirit and he also visit the graves of their ancestors, but of course the good spirit will won the battle after an exhausting antagonism on the part of Satans henchmen for the whole day.It usually run 35 miles of dancing before it will end up at the foot doors of the church building to hear mass. According to the people of Venezuela this rituals attracted many tourists all over the world and sometimes they would participate during the dance. In 1999, the Constitution of Venezuela declared that the Spanish and other 25 surviving indigenous languages belonging to three lingual families Caribans, Arawak, and Chibcha as the official languages of Venezuela. Wagyuu, Piaroa, Panare and Nhengtu are some of the 25 surviving indigenous languages.They also consider side of meat as their second language since this is now widely used in their culture promotions and business negotiations peculiarly in the ir Oil and Petroleum Industry. Arabic, Chinese, Italian, and Portuguese are also commonly spoken foreign languages in Venezuela. Summary Venezuela is composed of different races and ethnic groups this is very evident in their culture. Joropo is their national song and dance, concord to historians they got this from the llaneros or the plainsman (the cowboy version of Venezuelans).Other popular dances include the pasillo, similar to the pasillo of Columbia the merenque, which came from Santo Domingo and the corrido, from Mexico. The tanquito, a Venezuelan version of the Argentine tango, is also very popular in the country. As of this date Venezuela has no national costume, instead they use the different dresses coming from the indigenous people in Venezuela. A good example of this is the Liqui liqui, this is fondly worn by the Venezuelan men with alpargata (an open-toed kind of sandal).Most of the women wear a joropo dress but others also wears the liqui liqui but instead of the pan ts they traded it with a layered skirt. Taking from their Spaniard colonial heritage Roman Catholic dominates the population of Venezuela although there were no restrictions from their constitution with regards in choosing their religion. One of the popular rituals they have in Venezuela is the Devil Dance, where in the evil spirit fights over the good spirit. It is a 35 miles of dancing and ending the day with a mass this is celebrated during the Corpus Christi. Most of their traditions and rituals are coming from the Catholic doctrines.In their 1999 constitution it was clearly stated that Spanish is their national language together with the other 25 surviving indigenous languages. They also consider English as their second language. They use this language to say with their investors and tourist visitors.Works CitedBaynham, Angela. Insight Guides Venezuela. 4th Upd Sub Edition. Insight Guides, 2003 Dydynski, Krzysztof. lonesome Planet Venezuela. 4th edition. Lonely Planet Publica tions, 2004 Kohnstamm, Thomas. Venezuela. 5th edition. Lonely Planet, 2007 Palmerlee, Danny. South America. 10th Edition. Lonely Planet, 2007

Enironmental Pollution Essay Example for Free

Enironmental Pollution EssayEnvironmental Pollution is one of the biggest challenges confront by most societies in this modern era. It has become a paradox of our time that urbanization and tuition be associated with environmental degradation. In mans quest for social growth, nonchalance to natures laws have set in and this has disturbed a number of natural phenomena. The industrial revolution has brought with it technical advancement, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the discovery of oil and fossil fuels and its virtually universal use in a diversity of industries. Further more quick growth in population is established to be the primeval cause of environmental framework collapse.Population growth increases the need to produce consumer commodities and this desire is transformed into a necessity to abuse environmental resources. Population growth creates certain disallow environmental issues. These issues could be economic or social by nature. Their consequences range from a decline in air and water prime(prenominal) as well as deterioration in infrastructure and significant health hazards. A rapid growth in human population within the city propagates pressure on the framework of such cities and its natural resources. As cities begin to expand, they take a toll on existing rural areas, creating assorted environmental challenges such as reduced biological habitat as well as pollution of natures resources. The change magnitude densities of industrial areas within cities, large number of automobiles and commercial enterprises add to increased health hazards and complete breakdown of ecosystem.Development of thought Our environment plays an important role in life. valet de chambre has equally been an active office stafficipant in the process of impacting on the environment through population and greenhouse effects. Obviously the growing population indicates a higher usage of resources thus leading to a great deal of increased pollution. Therefore pollution of the environment has become an issue of significant discussions and diverse consequences. In recent times, the rapid growth has forced the natural environment to change drastically. A greater part of such change can be concluded to be negative with daring implications.Conclusion In light of the mentioned consequences of environmental pollution and the already visible degradation it has imposed on the environment. I would inspire the following bearing in mind that significant meters which must be cost effective and in line with budgetary allocations be taken into consideration.Pollution control Legislation of point sourcesThe social, economic and bionomic significance of conservation of the environment cannot be contestable if pollution is to be maximally reduced, the need to measure out or look into the current levels of pollution, and environmental protection legislations within the city, with a view of presenting a red-hot legislation. New legislated standards shoul d be proposed since already existing legislations are found to be somewhat irregular and deficient. in any case the advantages and possible problems of the proposed legislation can be debated upon and discussed.Encourage alternative manoeuvreationAlternative means of transport should be highly promoted. Cycling and walking do not propagate any sort of environmental degradation as opposed to the use of vehicles, which through the use of gas and fossil fuels are a significant actor in the downward slide of the negative environmental conditions. This recommendation takes into consideration that this measure might affect the convenience and time related factor that society has grown to enjoy from such vehicle technology.Establish green spaces or urban forestry The establishment of green spaces and urban forestry would lead to a significant decline in civilizations environmental footprints on the environment, meaning the least amount of pollution and emissions. This testament facilita te the cleaning of emissions as they are released as well as restoring the ecosystem and natural balance of the environment. Of pipeline this will have to be done without curtailing peoples freedom and rights or the worlds economy.Promote fuel-efficient carsIt is a fact that a large percentage of pollution comes from emission of vehicles. It is recommended that alternative fuels or fuel efficient vehicles be encouraged. Means of transport which would be significantly friendly to the environment. Alternative fuel sources would also play an effective role in the reduction of pollution. This recommendation assumes that the alternative fuel fictional character will displace a similar amount of current fossil fuels.It does not consider consumer word meaning or infra-structure issues that will impact the market penetration of these alternative fuels. Implementation of these recommendations would bear a tot cost of well-nigh $16.2M and is well within the confines of the City Councils B udgetary allocations on tackling environmental issues. Decision-making about environmental issues necessitates the maintenance of a fine balance between the effectiveness of measures and the public reaction towards them. This patently means that in as much as the recommendations tend to curb and reduce the effect of environmental pollution, it might come off as inconveniences to the general public and thus promote a negative reaction from the people of the city. The implementations and measures no matter how effective will put a strain on the convenience of the public, regardless to say that such measure will be beneficial both in the short run and long run.